Gotoh, T., Noda, H., Hong, X.Y., 2003.
Wolbachia distribution and cytoplasmic incompatibility based on a survey of 42 spider mite species (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Japan. Heredity, 91: 208-216.

Abstract
Wolbachia are a group of maternally inherited bacteria that infect a wide range of arthropods. Wolbachia infections are known to result in the expression of various abnormal reproductive phenotypes, the best known being cytoplasmic incompatibility. The first systematic survey of 42 spider mite species in Japan revealed that seven species (16.7%) were infected with Wolbachia. Wolbachia in the spider mites were grouped into three subgroups in supergroup B by phylogenetic analyses of the wsp gene. Most spider mites did not show cytoplasmic incompatibility when infected males were crossed with uninfected females. However, all infected populations of Panonychus mori and Oligonychus gotohi (five and four populations, respectively) possessed modification-positive strains of Wolbachia, and the cytoplasmic incompatibility decreased egg hatchability and female ratio of the spider mites. Thus, some Wolbachia strains cause sex ratio distortion in their hosts.

  • https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.hdy.6800329

    • Summary

  • Nomenclature
  • Identification
  • Hosts
  • Distribution
  • Other biological features

    • Nomenclatural data

    Identification tools

    Host data (92 results)

  • Amphitetranychus quercivorus (Ehara & Gotoh, 1990) [Fagaceae: Quercus mongolica]; Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher, 1920) [Rosaceae: Prunus x yedoensis];
  • Eotetranychus cornicola Ehara, 1989 [Cornaceae: Cornus controversa]; Eotetranychus dissectus Ehara, 1987 [Sapindaceae: Acer pictum]; Eotetranychus rubricans Ehara, 1999 [Betulaceae: Carpinus tschonoskii]; Eotetranychus sexmaculatus (Riley, 1890) [Pentaphylacaceae: Ternstroemia gymnanthera]; Eotetranychus smithi Pritchard & Baker, 1955 [Salicaceae: Salix caprea]; Eotetranychus suginamensis (Yokoyama, 1932) [Moraceae: Morus alba]; Eotetranychus tiliarium (Hermann, 1804) [Betulaceae: Alnus incana; Alnus japonica]; Eotetranychus uchidai Ehara, 1956 [Ulmaceae: Ulmus davidiana]; Eotetranychus uncatus Garman, 1952 [Betulaceae: Betula ermanii; Betula pendula];
  • Oligonychus (Oligonychus) coffeae (Nietner, 1861) [Theaceae: Camellia sinensis]; Oligonychus (Oligonychus) gotohi Ehara, 1999 [Fagaceae: Castanea crenata; Lithocarpus edulis]; Oligonychus (Oligonychus) ilicis (McGregor, 1917) [Theaceae: Camellia sinensis];
  • Oligonychus (Reckiella) biharensis (Hirst, 1924) [Fabaceae: Pueraria montana]; Oligonychus (Reckiella) formosanus Lo, 1969 [Poaceae: Miscanthus sinensis];
  • Panonychus citri (McGregor, 1916) [Aquifoliaceae: Ilex crenata; Rosaceae: Rosa multiflora; Rutaceae: Citrus junos; Citrus maxima; Citrus medica; Citrus reticulata; Citrus sp.; Citrus tamurana; Taxaceae: Taxus cuspidata]; Panonychus mori Yokoyama, 1929 [Cannabaceae: Aphananthe aspera; Menispermaceae: Cocculus orbiculatus; Moraceae: Morus alba; Rosaceae: Prunus persica; Pyrus pyrifolia]; Panonychus osmanthi Ehara & Gotoh, 1996 [Oleaceae: Osmanthus fragrans; Osmanthus heterophyllus; Osmanthus x fortunei]; Panonychus thelytokus Ehara & Gotoh, 1992 [Ulmaceae: Ulmus davidiana]; Panonychus ulmi (Koch, 1836) [Rosaceae: Malus domestica];
  • Sasanychus akitanus Ehara, 1978 [Poaceae: Sasa senanensis];
  • Schizotetranychus bambusae Reck, 1941 [Poaceae: Shibataea kumasasa]; Schizotetranychus cercidiphylli Ehara, 1973 [Cercidiphyllaceae: Cercidiphyllum japonicum]; Schizotetranychus lespedezae Beglyarov & Mitrofanov, 1973 [Fabaceae: Pueraria montana; Wisteria floribunda]; Schizotetranychus recki Ehara, 1957 [Poaceae: Sasa veitchii]; Schizotetranychus schizopus (Zacher, 1913) [Salicaceae: Salix babylonica; Salix triandra];
  • Stigmaeopsis longus (Saito, 1990) [Poaceae: Sasa senanensis; Sasa veitchii];
  • Tetranychus ezoensis Ehara, 1962 [Taxaceae: Taxus cuspidata]; Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida, 1927 [Araceae: Alocasia macrorrhizos; Araliaceae: Aralia elata; Asparagaceae: Dracaena fragrans; Cannabaceae: Celtis sinensis; Caricaceae: Carica papaya; Cucurbitaceae: Diplocyclos palmatus; Euphorbiaceae: Mallotus japonicus; Fabaceae: Pueraria montana; Vigna angularis; Vigna unguiculata; Gentianaceae: Gentiana scabra; Hydrangeaceae: Hydrangea macrophylla; Lamiaceae: Clerodendrum trichotomum; Moraceae: Morus alba; Ranunculaceae: Thalictrum minus; Rosaceae: Prunus persica; Pyrus pyrifolia; Theaceae: Camellia sinensis; Urticaceae: Boehmeria nivea; Urtica thunbergiana; Vitaceae: Vitis sp.]; Tetranychus ludeni Zacher, 1913 [Asteraceae: Solidago altissima; Convolvulaceae: Calystegia soldanella; Fabaceae: Robinia pseudoacacia; Verbenaceae: Phyla nodiflora]; Tetranychus neocaledonicus André, 1933 [Moraceae: Morus alba]; Tetranychus parakanzawai Ehara, 1999 [Asparagaceae: Polygonatum falcatum; Cannabaceae: Humulus scandens; Casuarinaceae: Casuarina equisetifolia; Fabaceae: Pueraria montana; Fagaceae: Fagus japonica; Lamiaceae: Clerodendrum trichotomum; Moraceae: Morus alba; Rosaceae: Prunus ssiori; Rosa multiflora]; Tetranychus phaselus Ehara, 1960 [Moraceae: Fatoua villosa]; Tetranychus piercei McGregor, 1950 [Fabaceae: Pueraria montana]; Tetranychus pueraricola Ehara & Gotoh, 1996 [Fabaceae: Pueraria montana]; Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1835 [Fabaceae: Pisum sativum; Pueraria montana; Rosaceae: Fragaria x ananassa; Violaceae: Viola tricolor];
  • Yezonychus sapporensis Ehara, 1978 [Poaceae: Sasa senanensis].

    • Distribution data (40 results)

  • Amphitetranychus quercivorus (Ehara & Gotoh, 1990) [Palearctic: Japan]; Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher, 1920) [Palearctic: Japan];
  • Aponychus corpuzae Rimando, 1966 [Palearctic: Japan];
  • Eotetranychus cornicola Ehara, 1989 [Palearctic: Japan]; Eotetranychus dissectus Ehara, 1987 [Palearctic: Japan]; Eotetranychus firmianae Zhu, 1984 [Palearctic: Japan]; Eotetranychus rubricans Ehara, 1999 [Palearctic: Japan]; Eotetranychus sexmaculatus (Riley, 1890) [Palearctic: Japan]; Eotetranychus smithi Pritchard & Baker, 1955 [Palearctic: Japan]; Eotetranychus suginamensis (Yokoyama, 1932) [Palearctic: Japan]; Eotetranychus tiliarium (Hermann, 1804) [Palearctic: Japan]; Eotetranychus uchidai Ehara, 1956 [Palearctic: Japan]; Eotetranychus uncatus Garman, 1952 [Palearctic: Japan];
  • Oligonychus (Oligonychus) coffeae (Nietner, 1861) [Palearctic: Japan]; Oligonychus (Oligonychus) gotohi Ehara, 1999 [Palearctic: Japan]; Oligonychus (Oligonychus) ilicis (McGregor, 1917) [Palearctic: Japan];
  • Oligonychus (Reckiella) biharensis (Hirst, 1924) [Palearctic: Japan]; Oligonychus (Reckiella) formosanus Lo, 1969 [Palearctic: Japan];
  • Panonychus citri (McGregor, 1916) [Palearctic: Japan]; Panonychus mori Yokoyama, 1929 [Palearctic: Japan]; Panonychus osmanthi Ehara & Gotoh, 1996 [Palearctic: Japan]; Panonychus thelytokus Ehara & Gotoh, 1992 [Palearctic: Japan]; Panonychus ulmi (Koch, 1836) [Palearctic: Japan];
  • Sasanychus akitanus Ehara, 1978 [Palearctic: Japan];
  • Schizotetranychus bambusae Reck, 1941 [Palearctic: Japan]; Schizotetranychus cercidiphylli Ehara, 1973 [Palearctic: Japan]; Schizotetranychus lespedezae Beglyarov & Mitrofanov, 1973 [Palearctic: Japan]; Schizotetranychus recki Ehara, 1957 [Palearctic: Japan]; Schizotetranychus schizopus (Zacher, 1913) [Palearctic: Japan];
  • Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard, 1960 [Palearctic: Japan]; Tetranychus ezoensis Ehara, 1962 [Palearctic: Japan]; Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida, 1927 [Oriental: Japan; Palearctic: Japan]; Tetranychus ludeni Zacher, 1913 [Palearctic: Japan]; Tetranychus neocaledonicus André, 1933 [Palearctic: Japan]; Tetranychus parakanzawai Ehara, 1999 [Palearctic: Japan]; Tetranychus phaselus Ehara, 1960 [Palearctic: Japan]; Tetranychus piercei McGregor, 1950 [Palearctic: Japan]; Tetranychus pueraricola Ehara & Gotoh, 1996 [Palearctic: Japan]; Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1835 [Palearctic: Japan];
  • Yezonychus sapporensis Ehara, 1978 [Palearctic: Japan].

    • Other biological features