Abstract
Integrated control trials were begun in 2 citrus-growing areas of Sardinia. Heavy infestation by Planococcus citri (Risso), Dialeurodes citri (Ashm.), Panonychus citri (McG.) was found in a warm-temperate area, and by Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), Toxoptera aurantii (Boy.), Aphis citricola v.d. Goot and A. gossypii Glov. in a subtropical one. Several other pests were found in both biotopes. A wide range of natural enemies was insufficient to contain infestation within acceptable levels. The parasite Leptomastix dactylopii How. introduced against Planococcus citri caused 96% cumulative parasitism. The predators Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls. and Scymnus reunioni Fursch (Nephus reunioni) increased in numbers to more than 100 individuals/tree. Encarsia lahorensis (How.) parasitised 22.5% of young larvae of D. citri, and Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cress.) parasitised 7% of the aphid colonies. Together with biological control agents, traps were used against Ceratitis capitata and P. citri. The use of insecticides was necessary on only a few occasions.