Ortu, S., Prota, R., 1980.
Validity of sampling methods, of the relative treatment thresholds for the control of the principal pests of orange crops. Standardization of biotechnical methods of integrated pest control in citrus orchards. Commission de Communautes Europeennes, Direction Generale Marche de l Information et Innovation, Luxembourg, Luxembourg: 35-52.
Abstract
In 2 citrus-growing regions of Sardinia with different climatic conditions, the validity was tested of the sampling methods, economic thresholds normally used in the monitoring of the main pests of orange (Planococcus citri (Risso), Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), Panonychus citri (McG.), Dialeurodes citri (Ashm.), Aphis citricola v. de Goot, Toxoptera aurantii (Boy.) and A. gossypii Glov.). The application of these techniques and the introduction and release of Leptomastix dactylopii How. and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls. against Planococcus citri and of Encarsia lahorensis (How.) (Prospaltella lahorensis) against D. citri permitted the number of chemical applications to be reduced. Nevertheless, a control rate as good as any yet recorded on the island was obtained in 1980. At Simaxis in Oristano Province, a single application of a mixture of mineral oil and methidathion in late August (when the young scales were usually most widely distributed on the fruits) was sufficient to control Planococcus citri and to limit populations of D. citri and Panonychus citri. At Siniscola in Nuoro Province, applications of pirimicarb and ethiofencarb were required in both May and June against A. citricola and T. aurantii, which appeared in large mixed colonies and caused 50% damage to the buds, 2 applications of a mixture of mineral oil, an organophosphate and copper oxychloride (the 1st in July on 50% of the trees and the 2nd in October on 8.5% of the trees) were required for the control of Planococcus citri
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