The pros and cons of predatory mite larvae movement
2026 - Volume: 66 Issue: Suppl pages: 147
https://doi.org/10.24349/bc5u-ke4h
ICA 2026 - XVII International Congress of Acarology, 20-24 July 2026, Montpellier
Keywords
Neoseiulus womersleyi
Costs and benefits
Predatory mite larvae
Maladaptive behavior
Spider mite eggs on webs
Abstract
The larvae of the predatory mite Neoseiulus womersleyi do not feed but move frequently. This behavior alerts future prey mites to their presence, causing the prey mites to lay eggs on the web where the eggs are less likely to be preyed upon. As a result, when the larvae develop to the next stage where they begin feeding, they struggle to prey on the prey eggs laid on the web. In other words, the larvae of N. womerysleyicreate a disadvantageous situation for themselves later on by moving. Since there must be a reason for such maladaptive behavior to persist, we investigated other situations where the larvae might benefit from moving. With the experimental setup where curved 10×10 mm kidney bean leaves were fixed on wet cotton, we investigated the effect of the presence of predatory mite larvae on spider mite egg laying. Furthermore, we compared the number of spider mite eggs consumed on webs and on leaves by predatory mite nymphs (the feeding stage). Next, we investigated whether the movement of predatory mite larvae could overcome unfavorable environmental conditions: bright locations, the upper leaf surfaces, leaf surfaces without spider mite webs, and incidental predation by giant caterpillars. First, the larvae appeared to avoid harmful ultraviolet rays and direct rainfall by crawling out from sunny spots or the upper surfaces of leaves. Second, the larvae quickly located spider mite webs that served as feeding sites and protected the predatory mites from intraguild predators. Namely, even if predatory mite larvae are placed in unfavorable conditions, they seem capable of correcting the situation on their own and preparing to enter the next feeding stage. Furthermore, even when attacked by giant caterpillars (final-inster larvae of Theretra japonica) that consume the predatory mites along with their host plants, over 30% of predatory mite larvae escaped predation by moving. All of the above behaviors exhibited by the larvae are traits that could never be achieved by immobile eggs. Considering these potential advantages, the nature of predatory mite larvae that move frequently despite not feeding is thought to be maintained without being eliminated.
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