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Two new species of the genus Agistemus Summers (Acari: Stigmaeidae) from Saudi Arabia

Kamran, Muhammad 1 ; Mirza, Jawwad Hassan 2 ; Elgoni, Nasreldeen Ahmed 3 and Alatawi, Fahad Jaber 4

1Acarology Research Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
2Acarology Research Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
3Acarology Research Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
4✉ Acarology Research Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.

2023 - Volume: 63 Issue: 2 pages: 580-590

https://doi.org/10.24349/srli-y7eg
ZooBank LSID: 56FCDA82-619D-4E9B-904E-05355A578427

Original research

Keywords

description neocollyerae simplex floridanus new records

Abstract

Two new predatory mites of the genus Agistemus Summers (Acari: Prostigmata: Stigmaeidae) namely A. neocollyerae n. sp. and A. arabensis n. sp. are described and illustrated based on adult females. Additionally, two species namely A. simplex González-Rodriguez and A. floridanus González-Rodriguez are reported as new records for the stigmaeid mite fauna of Saudi Arabia. A regional key to reported species of the genus Agistemus is also provided.


Introduction

Stigmaeid mites (Acari: Trombidiformes: Stigmaeidae) are important predators of wide range of prey species and play potential role in the control of phytophagous mites after the family Phytoseiidae (Santos and Laing 1985). They are distributed worldwide and are found in variety of different habitats i.e. plant canopy, soil, leaf litter and crevices etc. (Gerson et al. 2003; Fan and Zhang 2005; Dönel and Doğan 2011).

The family Stigmaeidae includes 34 genera and more than 578 described species (Fan et al. 2016). The genus Agistemus Summers 1960, the third largest stigmaeid genus, includes 88 species worldwide (Bizarro et al. 2022). Many species of the genus Agistemus are economically important and are known as efficient egg predators of many phytophagous mite species (Gerson et al. 2003; Matioli et al. 2002; Fan and Flechtmann 2015).

A total of five species of the genus Agistemus have been reported from Saudi Arabia so far viz. A. aimogastaensis Leiva, Fernandez, Theron & Rollard, A. exsertus González-Rodriguez, A. fleschneri Summers, A. jawadi Rehman et al., A. macrommatus González-Rodriguez and A. vulgaris nomen nudum Soliman & Gomaa (Alatawi and Kamran 2017; Rehman et al. 2018). The present study reports two new species; A. neocollyerae n. sp. and A. arabensis n. sp. described and illustrated based on adult females. Two new records (A. simplex González-Rodriguez and A. floridanus González-Rodriguez) were reported from Saudi Arabia in the current study. A regional key to reported species of the genus Agistemus is given.

Material and methods

The specimens were collected from the leaves of different host plants and preserved in 70% ethanol. The collected mite specimens were directly mounted on slides in Hoyer's medium under a stereomicroscope (SZX10, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan), and identified under a phase contrast microscope (DM2500, Lieca, Wetzlar, Germany). Different mite body parts were pictured using an auto–montage software system (Syncroscopy, Cambridge, UK) and then drawn with Adobe Illustrator (Adobe System Inc., San Jose, CA, USA). The nomenclature for gnathosomal and leg chaetotaxy followed that of Grandjean (1944) and for the idiosomal setae followed those of Kethley (1990). All measurements of the holotype and paratypes (as ranges in parenthesis) are given in micrometers (µm). All specimens of new species and new records have been deposited in KSMA (King Saud University Museum of Arthropods, Acarology section), Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Results

Family Stigmaeidae Oudemans

Genus Agistemus Summers

Type species: Caligonus terminalis Quayle, 1912, by original designation.

Agistemus terminalis (Quayle), Summers 1960: 234.

Diagnosis

As defined by Fan & Zhang (2005).

Species group terminalis Rehman et al. (2018)

Diagnosis (Based on female)

As defined by Rehman et al. 2018.

Two pairs of aggenital setae (ag1 2 ) present.

Agistemus neocollyerae n. sp.

ZOOBANK: 9256F920-C2F4-4288-A80D-D1FAB8F070C9

Figures 1–3

Diagnosis

Dorsal shield reticulated, setae f1 and h1 longer than other dorsocentral setae, setae vi shorter than the distance vi vi , setae ve reaching the base of sce, two pairs of aggenital setae (ag1 2 ), gential setae (g) long, extending pass the bases of anal setae ps2 .

Figure 1. Agistemus neocollyerae n. sp., female, a – dorsum; b – venter.

Figure 2. Agistemus neocollyerae n. sp., female, palp.

Figure 3. Agistemus neocollyerae n. sp., female, a – Leg I; b – Leg II; c – Leg III; d – Leg IV.

Description of female (n=8)

Idiosomal dorsum — (Figure 1a). Idiosoma broadly oval. Length of idiosomal dorsum excluding gnathosoma 260 (258–262); including gnathosoma from base to tips of chelicerae 340 (339–342), width of idiosoma at the level of setae c2 180 (178–181). Prodorsal shield subtriangular with polygonal reticulations, with one pair of eyes 10 (8–10); post ocular bodies pob not clearly visible, and three pairs of setae (vi, ve and sce), humeral shields smooth, small and bearing setae c2 . Median hysterosomal shield with polygonal reticulations, bearing five pairs of setae (c1 , d1 , d2 , e1 and e2 ), intercalary shields smooth and with setae f1 , suranal shield entire and smooth, with two pairs of setae, h1 and h2 . Dorsal setae barbed, shorter than the distance to the setae next in line.

Length of dorsal setae: vi 16 (15–17), ve 24 (22–25), sce 30 (27–32), c1 21 (20–22), c2 30 (29–33), d1 26 (24–28), d2 25 (22–26), e1 31(28–32), e2 24 (22–25), f1 35 (33–36), h1 35 (34–36), h2 34 (33–35).

Distances between dorsal idiosomal setae: vivi 33 (30–34), veve 62 (61–64), vive 23 (20–24), vesce 28 (27–29), scesce 99 (97–98), c1 c1 32 (31–33), c1 d1 44 (41–44), c1 d2 49 (47–51), d1 d1 67 (66–67), d1 d2 32 (31–33), d1 e1 46 (44–46), d1 e2 31 (31–33), d2 d2 116 (110–115), d2 e2 44 (42–45), e1 e1 29 (27–29), e1 e2 32 (30–33), e2 e2 88 (87–88), f1 f1 64 (64–66), h1 h1 21 (20–24), h1 h2 10 (10–11).

Ratios: vi/vivi 0.5 (0.4–0.5), ve/vesce 0.8 (0.7–0.9), c1 /c1 c1 0.65 (0.6–0.7), d1 /d1 d1 0.4 (0.38–0.42), e1 /e1 e1 0.96 (0.9–1), f1 /f1 f1 0.54 (0.5–0.57), h1 /h1 h1 1.6 (1.6–1.8), c1 c1 / d1 d1 0.5 (0.5–0.6), c1 c1 / e1 e1 1 = d1 d1 /e1 e1 2.3 (1.5–2.7), h1 /h2 1 (0.9–1.1).

Idiosomal venter — (Figure 1b). Ventral surface ornamented with simple striations; bearing three pairs of simple sub equal setae (1a, 3a and 4a), length of setae as follows: 1a 14 (13–14), 1b 21 (20–23), 1c 18 (17–21), 2c 22 (20–24), 3a 20 (20–21), 3b 16 (15–17), 3c 12 (10–12), 4a 20 (19–22), 4c 12 (10–12); aggenital plate each side with two setae, ag1 13 (10–13), ag2 19 (18–20), anogenital covers with one pair of genital setae, g 21 (20–24) and three pairs of pseudoanal setae, ps1 14 (13–14), ps2 15 (14–15), ps3 17 (15–16); distances between setae: gg 9 (8–10), ps1 ps1 14 (13–15), ps2 ps2 20 (20–21), ps3 ps3 13 (12–14), ps1 ps2 10 (8–9), ps2 ps3 11 (10–12).

Gnathosoma — (Figure 2). Subcapitulum bearing subcapitular setae m 17 (16–17), n 21 (20–21), adoral setae or1 10 (10–12) and or2 12 (9–12). Distance mm 24 (21–25), nn 21 (21–23), mn 11 (10–11), or1 or1 5 (4–5), or2 or2 10 (8–9), or1 or2 4 (3–4) elcp 1.6(1–2) (Figure 1b). Palp five–segmented, palp trochanter without setae; palp femur with two smooth setae (l′, v″) and one barbed seta (d); palp genu with one smooth seta (d); palp tibia with two simple setae (v″, l″), one well–developed claw, one seta associated with claw (l′T); palptarsus with four simple setae (ba, bp, va and lp), one solenidion (ω), subapical eupathidium (acmζ) and three eupathidia (sulζ, ul′ζ, ul″ζ), fused at basis, trifid distally (Figure 2).

Legs — (Figures 3a–d). Length of legs I–IV from trochanter to tip of empodium: 144 (141–144), 140 (140–142), 145 (143–146), and 147 (147–149), respectively; dorsal seta on leg femur (dF) I–IV and dorsal seta on leg genu I (dGI) barbed; tibiae and tarsi on leg IV lack solenidion. Number of setae on leg segments as fellows (specialized setae are in parentheses): coxae 2–1–2–1, trochanter 1–1–1–1, femora 4–4–2–2, genua 2(+1κ)–0–0–0, tibiae 5(+1φ)–5(+1φ)–5(+1φ)–4, tarsi 11(+1ω)–9(+1ω)–7(+1ω)–7. Length of specialized setae on legs: κI 5 (4–5), φI 8.8 (8–9), φII 4.4 (3–4), φIII 3.2 (3–4), ωI 8 (6–8), ωII 8 (7–8), ωIII 4 (3–5).

Etymology

The specific epithet (neocollyerae) is derived from the closely related species A. collyerae.

Type materials

Holotype female, one paratype female, weeds, Wadi Shora, Al-Bahah 19.49351°N, 41.46529°E, October 28, 2019, coll. M. Kamran & H.M.S. Mushtaq; two paratype females, from Conocarpus (Combretaceae), Bani Kabir, Al-Bahah 19.59252°N, 41.31964°E, September 12, 2021, coll. E.M. Khan & N. A. Elgoni; one paratype female, from Convolvulus spp. (Convolvulaceae), Buljershi, Al-Bahah, 19.53752°N, 41.34423°E, September 12, 2021, coll. E.M. Khan & N. A. Elgoni; one paratype female, from Acacia (Fabaceae), Ghora, Asir, 19.13116°N, 42.04608°E, October 29, 2019, coll. M. Kamran & H.M.S. Mushtaq; one paratype female, from grasses, Ghora, Asir, 18.37286°N, 42.16217°E, October 29, 2019, coll. M. Kamran & H.M.S. Mushtaq; one paratype female, from Olive, Olea europaea (Oleaceae), Sakaka, Al-Jouf, 29.57251°N, 40.0548°E, June 21, 2021, coll. J. H. Mirza.

Remarks

The new species A. neocollyerae n. sp. is close to three species; A. aimogastaensis Leiva et al., A. collyerae González-Rodriguez and A. manjilicus Khanjani based on the following set of characteristics; tibia IV with four setae, genu I with two setae (excluding solenidion) and dorsal shields entirely reticulated. The new species differs from A. aimogastaensis by the number of setae on coxae IV (1 vs 2), distance of ve/vesce (ve reaching base of setae sce vs ve half as long as vesce). The new species differs from A. manjilicus based on the length of genital setae (g extending beyond the bases of ps1 vs g reaching the base of ps2 ), vi/vive = 0.6 vs vi/vive = 0.9–1.08, setae ag2 long, h1 /h1 h1 1.6 in new species vs h1 /h1 h1 2.33 in A. manjilicus. The new species differs from A. collyerae by the length and position of setae; vi<vivi vs. vi=vi/vi, setae ve not reaching the base of sce vs. ve extending well beyond the base of setae sce, c1 reaching less than half the distance c1 d1 vs. c1 longer than the distance c1 d1 , setae f1 and h1 equally long vs. f1 the longest dorsal setae.

Agistemus arabensis n. sp.

ZOOBANK: B5693A44-4399-49C3-B8E0-EF4E0559091B

Figures 4–6

Diagnosis: All dorsal shields with weak longitudinal irregular striations, dorsal setae not set on tubercles, femur I with four setae and femur IV with one seta, all dorsal body setae reaching or longer than distance between the setae next in line,

Figure 4. Agistemus arabensis n. sp., female, a – dorsum; b – venter.

Figure 5. Agistemus arabensis n. sp., female, palp.

Figure 6. Agistemus arabensis n. sp., female, a – Leg I; b – Leg II; c – Leg III; d – Leg IV.

Description of female (n=5)

Idiosomal dorsum — (Figure 4a). Idiosoma broadly oval. Length of idiosomal dorsum excluding gnathosoma 320 (315–325); including gnathosoma from base to tips of chelicerae 410 (400–418), width of idiosoma at level of setae c2 210 (208–217). Prodorsal shield subtriangular without reticulations and with weak irregular longitudinal striae, with one pair of eyes 8 (7–8); post ocular bodies pob present 12 (11–12) and three pairs of setae (vi, ve and sce), humeral shields smooth, small and bearing setae c2 . Median hysterosomal shield with fine longitudinal striations, bearing five pairs of setae (c1 , d1 , d2 , e1 and e2 ), intercalary shields smooth and with setae f1 , suranal shield entire and smooth, with two pairs of setae, h1 and h2 . Dorsal setae barbed, longer than distance to setae next in line.

Length of dorsal setae: vi 31 (30–32), ve 60 (58–61), sce 48 (47–49), c1 47 (45–49), c2 43 (43–44), d1 50 (49–51), d2 44 (43–45), e1 49 (47–51), e2 49 (47–49), f1 47 (44–46), h1 41 (41–43), h2 35 (34–36).

Distances between dorsal idiosomal setae: vivi 15 (12–14), veve 46 (44–46), vive 20 (20–21), vesce 32 (31–33), scesce 89 (90–92), c1 c1 53 (51–54), c1 d1 58 (56–60), c1 d2 62 (61–62), d1 d1 82 (80–83), d1 d2 24 (21–25), d1 e1 52 (50–55), d1 e2 37 (36–38), d2 d2 123 (120–125), d2 e2 41 (40–43), e1 e1 40 (38–41), e1 e2 33 (31–33), e2 e2 100 (97–101), f1 f1 69 (67–71), h1 h1 21 (20–21), h1 h2 67 (66–68).

Ratios: vi/vivi 2 (2.2–2.8), ve/vesce 2 (1.8–2.1), c1 /c1 c1 0.8 (0.7–1), d1 /d1 d1 0.6 (0.5–0.8), e1 /e1 e1 1.2 (1.1–1.4), f1 /f1 f1 0.7 (0.6–0.9), h1 /h1 h1 1.9 (1.7–2), c1 c1 / d1 d1 0.5 (0.5–0.6), c1 c1 / e1 e1 1.3 (0.9–1.6), d1 d1 /e1 e1 2 (1.9–2.3), h1 /h2 1.2 (1–1.5).

Idiosomal venter — (Figure 4b). Ventral surface ornamented with simple striations; bearing three pairs of simple setae (1a, 3a and 4a), length of setae as follows: 1a 36 (35–36), 1b 28 (27–29), 1c 33 (30–33), 2c 32 (31–32), 3a 28 (27–29), 3b 25 (21–24), 3c 20 (18–22), 4a 25 (23–26), 4b 26 (24–26), 4c 21 (18–20); aggenital plate each side with two pair of setae, ag1 17 (16–17), ag2 29 (27–29), anogenital covers with one pair of genital setae, g 29 (27–30) and three pairs of pseudoanal setae, ps1 17 (15–16), ps2 17 (16–17), ps3 16 (15–16); distances between setae: gg 8 (8–9), ps1 ps1 15 (14–15), ps2 ps2 22 (21–22), ps3 ps3 16 (14–15), ps1 ps2 14 (13–14), ps2 ps3 10 (8–9).

Gnathosoma — (Figure 5). Subcapitulum bearing subcapitular setae m 22 (21–22), n 33 (30–32), adoral setae or1 12 (11–12) and or2 12 (10–11). Distances mm 36 (34–35), nn 28 (26–29), mn 11 (9–10), or1 or1 5 (4–6), or2 or2 7 (6–8), or1 or2 4 (3–4) (Figure 4b). Palp five–segmented, palp trochanter without setae; palp femur with two smooth setae (l″, v) and one barbed seta (d); palp genu with one smooth seta (d); palp tibia with two simple setae (v, l″), one well–developed claw, one seta associated with claw (l′T); palptarsus with four simple setae (ba, bp, va and lp), one solenidion (ω), subapical eupathidium (acmζ) and three eupathidia (sulζ, ul′ζ, ul» ζ), fused at basis, trifid distally (Figure 5).

Legs — (Figures 6a–d). Length of legs I–IV from trochanter to tip of empodium: 200 (197–201), 180 (178–182), 185 (182–187), and 215 (209–216), respectively; dorsal seta on leg femur (dF) I–IV and dorsal seta on leg genu I (dGI) barbed; tarsi on leg IV lack solenidion. Number of setae on leg segments as follows (specialized setae are in parentheses): coxae 2–1–2–2, trochanters 1–1–1–1, femora 4–4–2–1, genua 3(+1κ)–1–0–0, tibiae 5(+1φ)–5(+1φ)–5(+1φ)–5(+1φ), tarsi 12(+1ω)–9(+1ω)–7(+1ω)–7. Length of specialized setae on legs: κI 5 (4–5), φI 10 (9–10), φII 12 (11–12), φIII 9 (7–8), φIV 9 (8–9), ωI 16 (15–16), ωII 16 (14–15), ωIII 10 (9–10).

Type materials

Holotype female, two paratype females, from Convolvulus spp. (Convolvulaceae), Bashayer, Asir, 19.36194°N, 42.53823°E, October 29, 2019, coll. M. Kamran & H.M.S. Mushtaq; Two paratype females, from Cordia spp. (Boraginaceae), Zarq Valley, Al-Baha, 20.11329°N, 41.17463°E, September 10, 2020, coll. J.H. Mirza, H.M.S. Mushtaq & H.M.S. Ali.

Etymology

The specific epithet (arabensis) is derived from the type region, Saudi Arabia.

Remarks

The new species Agistemus arabensis n. sp. closely resembles A. iburiensis Ehara 1985, based on the number of setae on femur I and IV (4 and 1), dorsal setae not set on tubercles, setae c2 on humeral plate and dorsal shield without reticulations. However, the new species differs from the later based on a very distinct morphological character; length of dorsal setae (all setae longer than distances to their bases vs. distinctly shorter, far behind the bases of next consecutive setae), ratio vi/vivi = 2 vs vi/vivi = 0.6; ve/vesce = 2 vs ve/vesce = 0.8 in A. iburiensis.

New Records

Agistemus simplex González-Rodriguez

Agistemus simplex González-Rodriguez 1965:33

Material Examined

Two females, fig, Ficus carica (Moraceae), Hijra, Al-Bahah 20.14154°N, 41.08445°E, September 11, 2020, coll. J. H. Mirza, H.M.S. Mushtaq & H. M. S. Ali; two females, grasses (Poaceae), Thamod, Al-Madinah 24.542751°N, 39.00928°E, March 28, 2021, coll. M. Kamran & H.M.S. Mushtaq; one female, grasses, Al-Bahra, Al-Madinah, 24.35897°N, 39.23875°E, August 25, 2020, coll. F.J. Alatawi, J. H. Mirza & E.M. Khan. one female, Zaleya spp. (Aizoaceae), Dil Khansa, Al-Madinah, 24.54639°N, 39.00000°E, March 28, 2021, coll. M. Kamran & H.M.S. Mushtaq.

Distribution

Mexico (González-Rodriguez 1965).

Agistemus floridanus González-Rodriguez

Agistemus floridanus González-Rodriguez 1965:42; Matioli, Ueckermann and Oliveira 2002: 103.

Material Examined

One female, Brinjal, Solanum melongena (Solanaceae), Al-Amaria, Riyadh 24.47405°N, 46.25324°E, March 21, 2016, coll. H.M.S. Mushtaq; one female, Acacia (Fabaceae), Unyza, Al-Qasim 26.23618°N, 44.13713°E, May 03, 2018, coll. M. Kamran & J. H. Mirza.

Distribution

Florida (USA) (Matioli et al. 2002), Mexico (González-Rodriguez 1965)

Key to Saudi Arabian species of the genus Agistemus Summers

The following corrections should be made to the key to world species of the genus Agistemus published by Rehman et al. (2018). The number'31' at the couplet 15 should be replaced by'33'. The number'67' at the couplet 57 should be replaced by'68'.

The species A. manjilicus Khanjani et al. at the couplet 25 and the species A. collyerae González-Rodriguez at the couplet 26 should replace each other.

1. One pair of aggenital setae (ag)
...... species group fleschneri; median hysterosomal shield reticulated, ratio c1 /c1 c1 1.0, setae e1 crossing the bases of h1 and reaching almost half length of h1 , e1 /e1 e1 = 1.8: fleschneri Summers

— Two pairs of aggenital setae (ag1-2 )
...... species group terminalis — 2

2. Median hysterosomal shield reticulated
...... 3

— Median hysterosomal shield without reticulations
...... 5

3. Ratio vi/vi–vi ≥ 2.1
...... jawadi Rehman et al.

Ratio vi/vi–vi ≤ 1.6
...... 4

4. Setae e1 extending to or crossing the bases of h1 , genital setae (g) very small (17), not reaching to the bases of ps3
...... aimogastaensis Leiva et al.

— Setae e1 about half of the distance e1 h1 , genital setae (g) very long, extending to the bases of ps1
...... neocollyerae n. sp.

5. Dorsal idiosomal setae not set on tubercles
...... 6

— Dorsal idiosomal setae set on tubercles
...... 7

6. Femur I with four setae, femur IV with one setae
...... arabensis n. sp.

— Femur I with five setae, femur IV with two setae
...... simplex González-Rodriguez

7. Ratio vi/vivi ≥ 2.1
...... exsertus González-Rodriguez

— Ratio vi/vivi ≤ 1.7
...... 8

8. Setae e1 at least reaching to the bases of f1
...... floridanus González-Rodriguez

— Setae e1 at least reaching to the bases of h1
...... macromatus González-Rodriguez

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the researchers supporting project number (RSPD2023R807), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.



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Article editorial history
Date received:
2023-03-01
Date accepted:
2023-05-03
Date published:
2023-05-11

Edited by:
Faraji, Farid

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
2023 Kamran, Muhammad; Mirza, Jawwad Hassan; Elgoni, Nasreldeen Ahmed and Alatawi, Fahad Jaber
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